Choosing the Right Words: Autism Language

Introduction

The words we use to talk about disability are important because they shape how we and others view it. Language can influence attitudes, either reinforcing negative stereotypes or challenging them. On this website, we use both person-first and identity-first language when discussing autism. In this article, we’ll explain why this approach is important and how it respects individual preferences.

What is Person-First Language?

Person-first language (PFL) puts the person before their disability. For example, instead of saying “autistic person,” you would say “person with autism.” This approach highlights that a person is more than their disability and that the disability is just one part of who they are.

On this website, you might see terms like “person with autism” used in some articles. The goal is to focus on the individual as a whole, not just their diagnosis. PFL aims to avoid defining someone solely by their disability, ensuring their humanity comes first.

What is Identity-First Language?

Identity-first language (IFL) puts the disability or condition first. For example, instead of “person with autism,” you would say “autistic person.” Many in the autism community prefer this language because they see autism as a core part of their identity.

We also use terms like “autistic person” to recognise that, for many, autism is central to who they are. IFL acknowledges and affirms the individual’s experience and pride in being autistic.

Neurodivergent or Neurodiverse?

As awareness of the neurodiversity movement grows, more people are adopting its language. However, there’s often confusion between “neurodiverse” and “neurodivergent.” The correct term for individuals whose neurotype differs from the neurotypical majority is “neurodivergent,” not “neurodiverse.”

Using “neurodiverse individual” can imply an “Us vs Them” mindset, suggesting a divide. In reality, both neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals are part of the spectrum of human neurodiversity. Understanding and using the correct terms helps promote a more inclusive and accurate discussion about neurodiversity.

For a deeper understanding, Dr Nick Walker’s essay “Neurodiversity: Some Basic Terms and Definitions” is highly recommended.

KITA Family Podcast

Avoiding “High or Low Functioning” Labels

Labels like “high-functioning” or “low-functioning” are often inaccurate and don’t reflect the full picture. A person’s ability to function can vary widely depending on factors like mood, stress, and environment, regardless of whether they are autistic or not.

Instead of these labels, it’s better to describe the specific support someone needs. For example:

  • “She manages daily tasks but needs help in stressful or noisy environments.”
  • “He works full-time but needs reminders for daily self-care and help with planning his schedule.”

 

Using terms like “support needs” focuses on the specific level of support required, which can vary over time and across different environments. For instance, a person may have moderate support needs as a child, low support needs as a young adult, and high support needs during challenging life events. Similarly, a child with autism might have low support needs at home but moderate ones at school, highlighting how support requirements change with the setting.

By focusing on strengths, dignity, and support needs, we move away from harmful labels and towards a more respectful and accurate understanding of each individual.

Why Does Language Matter?

The language we use shapes how we and others think about disability. Using respectful language helps break down negative perceptions and supports the dignity of people with disabilities. Both PFL and IFL have their place, and the choice of language is personal, reflecting how a person views their own identity.

Some people with disabilities prefer PFL to be seen as a person first, not defined by their condition. Others prefer IFL because they feel their disability is an integral part of who they are and should not be separated from their identity.

Respecting Individual Preferences

While many in the autistic community prefer terms like “autistic person,” some individuals may choose “person with autism.” It’s crucial to respect each person’s preferred terminology. The best approach is to listen to how people describe themselves or ask politely if you’re unsure. For example, you might say, “Do you prefer ‘autistic person’ or ‘person with autism’?”

We recognise that opinions on autism language vary, and we honour each individual’s right to decide how they’re described. In our videos and resources, you’ll encounter different approaches, reflecting personal preferences. On this website, we take an inclusive approach, respecting both person-first and identity-first language, acknowledging the diversity of views within the autism and neurodivergent communities.

Conclusion

Using respectful language for persons with disabilities, including neurodivergence, is about inclusion and empowerment. The words we use shape perceptions, challenge stereotypes, and respect individual identities. By choosing language that honours dignity and diversity, we avoid reinforcing negative stereotypes and support each person’s potential. Whether using person-first or identity-first language, the key is to respect each person’s preference. Thoughtful language contributes to a more inclusive and empathetic society.

Resources and Further Reading

Disability Language Guidelines